The Family Medical Leave Act, also known as FMLA, is a United States labor law requiring covered employers to provide employees with job-protected, unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons. There are six reasons for people to use FMLA and they are as follows:
Parental Leave after the Birth of a Child
The birth of a child qualifies for FMLA leave. A mother may use FMLA time off for prenatal care or continuing care once the child is born while the father may use the leave for the same reason or to provide care for his potentially incapacitated spouse due to the pregnancy/childbirth.
Depending on the employer’s approval, parents may choose to spread their 12-week leave out over the course of a year by taking a few weeks at a time or by reducing their normal work hours in a given week, known as “intermittent parental leave”. However, when both parents are employed with the same company, only one parent may qualify for pregnancy or child-birth-related leave.
Pregnancy Leave
Sometimes the pregnancy itself may qualify for FMLA as a serious health condition, especially when a doctor places the employee on bed rest during any point within a pregnancy. Employees who request pregnancy-related leave may be required to verify the condition.
Adoption or Foster Care
The placement of a child for adoption or foster care is a qualifying reason under the FMLA. Employees may take up to a 12-week leave up to one year after a child is placed through adoption or foster care with an employee.
Adoption leave may also occur before the actual placement or adoption of a child if an employee’s absence from work is required before the placement of the child — such as to attend counseling sessions, appear in court, or travel to another country to complete the adoption. The source of the adopted child is typically not a factor in determining whether the adoption qualifies for FMLA.
Medical Leave to Care for a Family Member with a Serious Health Condition
Employees may request leave to care for a family member with a serious health condition. Under current FMLA regulations, only spouses, children, or parents are considered family members. An employee’s in-laws or grandparents, for example, are not included.
Moreover, for purposes of FMLA, ordinary illnesses such as the common cold, flu, earaches, upset stomachs, and headaches do not qualify for FMLA – although some common illnesses that a doctor deems serious due to a prolonged illness, for example, may qualify for FMLA under certain circumstances.
Medical Leave for Your Own Serious Health Condition
Often an employee’s own health condition may qualify for FMLA. For example, employees who are unable to perform their essential job duties because of a serious illness or chronic health condition may request leave to treat the condition or receive prolonged care while under a doctor’s supervision.
Furthermore, FMLA regulations require a “period of incapacity” of more than three consecutive calendar days. If an employee’s condition requires two or more visits to a health care provider for the same condition, those visits must occur within 30 days of the first day the employee became incapacitated.
Finally, under FMLA regulations, the treatment of a chronic health condition must occur at least twice in any calendar year, and employees may also be required to show medical certification of their illness.
Military Family Member Leave
Care of a family member who was injured while on active duty in the military may qualify for FMLA. Employees may also request to handle certain matters arising out of a family member’s deployment during FMLA leave.
Once you have determined that you qualify for FMLA based on any of the above-listed reasons, you must also have general FMLA eligibility before the leave is actually approved. This may include having worked for your employer for at least 12-months and submitting FMLA notice requirements.
Because reasons for taking time off from work under the FMLA vary, it is important to check whether your reason for leave request fits within the type of allowable events within your employer’s policies — or risk getting denied. Now that you are aware of the reasons people use FMLA and the requirements, keep this in mind in case a situation arises where you may need to use it.
Source: “Reasons That Qualify For FMLA Leave” by FindLaw